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Reading a Big Number
[desperately] Maybe this is from some country where they use commas as decimal points, and also as digit separators after the decimal, and also use random other characters for decoration???
Title text: [desperately] Maybe this is from some country where they use commas as decimal points, and also as digit separators after the decimal, and also use random other characters for decoration???

    Explanation

    This comic expresses Randall's reactions to reading large numbers. It starts with normal digits and commas you would find in a large number, but gradually becomes more and more chaotic. It turns out that this is not a number at all, but some sort of printing error in whatever Randall is reading.

    The very start of the comic is a bit absurd. In most cases, you can tell that a number like this is very large because of how long it is when written out; you wouldn't have to completely reinterpret it at the end of every group of digits. However, to tell exactly which "-illion" the number falls into, you would have to count the groups, and the scale of such a large number would grow less familiar as you try to keep track of how large it even is. Certain sizes of numbers tend to show up in specific contexts, like astronomy. So, rather than literally showing Randall's developing thoughts on the evidently massive size of this number, the comic also shows how he tends to interpret numbers at each possible "-illion" scale. See detailed explanation of Randall's thoughts in the table below, where also the title text is explained.

    There are a few possible explanations for seeing a number like this appear in a software application. It may have appeared due to an out-of-bounds read operation where the computer tries to interpret unrelated data as text. Another possible explanation is misuse of the printf function in the C programming language. If strings passed to printf do not contain a null byte to terminate the string, it will go further into memory, again into unrelated data. Or the programmer might have several printf statements back to back, forgetting that printf doesn't add newlines (like the println function in other programming languages), so all their debug information gets printed on the same line. If the alternating grouping into 4 and 3 digits and the double quote is left aside the number it might be possible that the whole number is hexadecimal and even bigger than its size indicates at first.

    Table of thoughts

    Number fragment Thought Explanation
    54 54! Great! I know that number. Solid start. 54 is a number with some real-world familiarity for most people. It is small enough to appear on digital clocks, and has enough factors to be listed on standard multiplication tables as 6 × 9.

    Randall pretending to reckon with the start of such a large number is probably meant to draw attention to the meaninglessness of doing so. Unless the exact value is somehow important, most readers wouldn't find much of a meaningful difference between "54 zillion" or "over 50 zillion", or even "zillions and zillions". In practice, the brain can only approximate numbers this large; the threshold needed to tell the difference between the amounts that they represent is too high. Randall expresses a similar sentiment once he gets to the trillions and quadrillions.

    ,000 (thousand) Oh, a comma and some zeros. Cool. Must be at least 54 thousand. Underselling how long the number is with the "at least a thousand", but is a fair thought from the POV of not being able to know how long the number is.
    ,000 (million) A second comma! I wonder if we're talking population or money. Excitement from how large the number must be. Populations (like the number of people in a region) and large sums of money are both often measured in millions.
    ,000 (billion) Yikes! If this is money, it's a lot of money. Three commas means a number in the billions. That's a lot of money for one person to have. Big decisions by large corporations, such as megamergers, are often measured in billions of dollars in costs.
    ,000,000 (quadrillion) Why am I reading this? Whatever this number is, I'm not going to be able to visualize it. Five commas is a number in the quadrillions. At this point the number is too big for human minds to comprehend.
    ,000 (quintillion) All right, either someone made a unit conversion error or this is one of those incomprehensible astronomy numbers. Astronomy often deals with extremely large numbers due to the incredible scale of the universe. For example, the distance to the Andromeda galaxy in kilometers could be numbered in quintillions. Alternatively, the person calculating the number made a mistake. Regarding the unit conversion there has recently been a comic about such a thing in 3065: Square Units and similar mistakes has been used in 2585: Rounding.
    ,0000 (!?) Oh no. Is this a misplaced comma or an extra zero? I guess we'll see if the next group has two zeros or three. If it's two, we can at least hope the digits are right. Commas are placed every three digits in typical western usage (although not necessarily in various other cultures), so something is wrong. However, it might simply be that someone misplaced the comma to the right, meaning that this group has four digits and the next one would likely have two (the next comma in the 'correct' place). If the next group is three, then either the commas are now all misplaced or possibly someone/something just doubled up a zero by accident. A mistake of any kind makes one think that the number may not actually be accurate but, if the former, at least it might just be a relatively unimportant transposition.
    ,0000 Oh no. A second group of four zeroes means it's not a typo. Something is seriously wrong. Note that some countries like China or Japan (where 4-digit groupings are common) or India (which uses a unique 2- and 3-digit mixed system) may use non 3-digit groupings, but have their own rules for number groupings.
    ,054 What is happening. Big numbers are normally rounded, so it's very strange to see a non-zero value this far down in the place values. Also, "54" matches the digits at the start of the number so it could indicate the number was copied incorrectly. The non-zero digits here imply that all of the digits so far, including the zeroes, are significant figures; the number is not only extremely large, but implausibly precise with at least 30 sig figs. By way of comparison, the diameter of the observable universe is about 4.4 × 1026 m, and if that measurement had 30 sig figs, it would be precise to about half a millimeter.
    ,000"000 Someone messed up real bad. The arcsecond mark " indicates that this number is an angle or a distance in inches. For an angle, even accounting for how small an arcsecond is (1/3600th of a degree), this angle would be a huge number rotations. As for inches, it would represent a distance much larger than the observable universe, it is also uncommon to use customary units like inches in conjunction with large numbers. Alternatively, this could be "to-the-11th-power", which would make the already extremely large number extremely ridiculously big. This could also be a sign of bad copy-pasting, where the quotation mark " was accidentally copied along with the large number but not with a matching one. Or if this number was being printed from a computer program, the mark may be a sign that the closing quote around a computer string was accidentally escaped, causing it to become present in the string rather than indicating the end of the string.
    ,00c2ef46 Someone messed up real bad and I hope it wasn't me. Numbers normally only use the digits 0-9. The use of letters suggest that this is a hexadecimal number. Hexadecimal is mostly used by computers, so Randall, as a programmer, might be worried that the hexadecimal appearing is his fault. Seeing a long string of unexpected characters may indicate a memory bug, such as a buffer overflow. These bugs can lead to crashes, data corruption and security vulnerabilities, and Randall would rather not be responsible for it. If it had just been 000e46 it could have meant that the entire number should have been lifted up to 10^46, as this would look like exponential numbers on a calculator. This is, however, not the case with c and f included.
    (title text) [desperately] Maybe this is from some country where they use commas as decimal points, and also as digit separators after the decimal, and also use random other characters for decoration??? In the United States, UK, India, China, Korea, Japan, and other countries, the dot is used to separate the integer part of a number from its fractional part. However, most of mainland Europe and South America uses the comma for this purpose. In some places, one may also see the period used to group digits. Since the final number is unreadable and potentially infinite, this implies that Randall has, naturally, made up an explanation instead of trying to figure out what was really happening.

    Transcript

    [A large number is written along the middle of the panel. Above and below the number there are 10 labels, (5 above and 5 below), and from each label a small curved line points to a part of the number. There is a heading above the top labels:]
    Thought process while reading a big number:
    [The number is continuing off the edge of the comic to the right, the last digit is missing about a third:]
    54,000,000,000,000,000,000,0000,0000,054,000"000,00c2ef46
    [The labels are listed below in the reading order as from where the small lines are pointing on to the number, so both those above and below the number, not first all those above. Text in the brackets indicate where on the number the line is pointing:]
    [To the first two numbers before the first comma, label above the number:]
    54! Great! I know that number. Solid start.
    [To the first zero after the first comma, label below the number:]
    Oh, a comma and some zeros. Cool. Must be at least 54 thousand.
    [To the second comma, label above the number:]
    A second comma! I wonder if we're talking population or money.
    [To the third comma, label below the number:]
    Yikes! If this is money, it's a lot of money.
    [To the fifth comma, label above the number:]
    Why am I reading this? Whatever this number is, I'm not going to be able to visualize it.
    [To the sixth comma, label below the number:]
    All right, either someone made a unit conversion error or this is one of those incomprehensible astronomy numbers.
    [To the middle of a group of four zeros after the seventh comma, label above the number:]
    Oh no. Is this a misplaced comma or an extra zero? I guess we'll see if the next group has two zeros or three. If it's two, we can at least hope the digits are right.
    [To the middle of a group of four zeros after the eighth comma, label below the number:]
    Oh no.
    [To the last two numbers of the three digits after the ninth comma, label below the number:]
    What is happening.
    [To a quotation mark, where the eleventh comma should have been, label above the number:]
    Someone messed up real bad.
    [To the first number in a group with mixed alphanumeric numbers, where the thirteenth comma should have been, label below the number:]
    Someone messed up real bad and I hope it wasn't me.

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